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Freelancer Taxes: A Guide for Filing With a Side Hustle

You'll get more tax paperwork, and you'll likely need to file more forms at tax time. Here's how to stay on top of it all.

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Receiving payments from clients

Your clients may send you a Form 1099 showing how much they paid you during the year. You’ll need these forms to tally and report your income from your side gig.

What it means: If you receive a 1099, don’t dismiss it — whoever sent it to you also sent a copy to the IRS, so it wouldn't be a good idea to leave that information off your tax return. Also, if you did work for a client that hasn’t sent you a 1099, you probably still need to report the money you earned there. Income, even if it’s paid in cash, generally has to be reported unless the law specifically exempts it.

What it means: What it means: If you receive a 1099, don’t dismiss it — whoever sent it to you also sent a copy to the IRS, so it wouldn't be a good idea to leave that information off your tax return. Also, if you did work for a client that hasn’t sent you a 1099, you probably still need to report the money you earned there. Income, even if it’s paid in cash, generally has to be reported unless the law specifically exempts it.

Major forms involved:

Major forms involved: Major forms involved:

1099-NEC

1099-K

» Using Venmo for business? How Venmo taxes work

» » » Using Venmo for business? Using Venmo for business? How Venmo taxes work

Making estimated tax payments

Taxes are a pay-as-you-go arrangement in the United States. When you earn money, even from a side gig, the IRS wants its piece as soon as possible. That’s why employers withhold taxes from employee paychecks. However, because you’re not an employee, you may need to make estimated tax payments during the year.

What it means: Every quarter or so, you may need to estimate your tax liability and pay the IRS. Waiting until the tax filing deadline to do it all at once could mean paying penalties and interest. If you have a partner with a regular job and you’re filing jointly, you might be able to avoid the quarterly hassle. “What we'll typically recommend is that you get an estimate of what your total tax liability is going to be from all income sources and then just jack up your withholding from work. That way it's automating it for you, and you don't have to go through this really conscious effort every quarter,” says Micah Fraim, a certified public accountant in Roanoke, Virginia.

What it means: What it means: Every quarter or so, you may need to estimate your tax liability and pay the IRS. Waiting until the tax filing deadline to do it all at once could mean paying penalties and interest. If you have a partner with a regular job and you’re filing jointly, you might be able to avoid the quarterly hassle. “What we'll typically recommend is that you get an estimate of what your total tax liability is going to be from all income sources and then just jack up your withholding from work. That way it's automating it for you, and you don't have to go through this really conscious effort every quarter,” says Micah Fraim, a certified public accountant in Roanoke, Virginia.

Major forms involved:

Major forms involved: Major forms involved:

1040-ES

W-4

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Filing your tax return at tax time

You'll probably need to file a Schedule C. This is where sole proprietors can report their business income and expenses.

What it means: At tax time, a lot of your record-gathering and number-crunching will revolve around completing this form. As a result, you may need to spend more on advanced tax software or human tax preparers.

What it means: What it means: At tax time, a lot of your record-gathering and number-crunching will revolve around completing this form. As a result, you may need to spend more on advanced tax software or human tax preparers.

Major forms involved:

Major forms involved: Major forms involved:

Schedule C

Taking advantage of tax deductions

Generally, expenses incurred in operating your business can be tax-deductible. IRS Publication 535 lays out many of the rules. Plus, because of the qualified business income deduction, you may qualify for a deduction of up to 20% of your side-gig income.

Generally, expenses incurred in operating your business can be tax-deductible. IRS Publication 535 lays out many of the rules. Plus, because of the qualified business income deduction , you may qualify for a deduction of up to 20% of your side-gig income.

What it means: You could end up with a lower tax bill. If your total 2025 taxable income was at or below $197,300 for single filers or $394,600 for joint filers, you’re more likely to get this tax break

What it means: What it means: You could end up with a lower tax bill. If your total 2025 taxable income was at or below $197,300 for single filers or $394,600 for joint filers, you’re more likely to get this tax break Internal Revenue Service. Form 8995: Qualified Business Income Deduction Simplified Computation. . People over the limit may still get a partial break, but the rules get more complicated.

Major forms involved:

Major forms involved: Major forms involved:

1040

8995

» MORE: 15 self-employment deductions to know about

» MORE: » MORE: 15 self-employment deductions to know about

Understanding the taxes you might need to pay

You may need to pay self-employment tax. The IRS imposes a 12.4% Social Security tax and a 2.9% Medicare tax on your net earnings. Typically, employees and their employers split that bill. But self-employed people pay the whole thing.

You may need to pay self-employment tax . The IRS imposes a 12.4% Social Security tax and a 2.9% Medicare tax on your net earnings. Typically, employees and their employers split that bill. But self-employed people pay the whole thing.

What it means: For the 2025 tax year, only the first $168,600 of earnings was subject to the Social Security portion. In 2026, only $184,500 are subject. A 0.9% additional Medicare tax may also apply if your net earnings from self-employment exceed $200,000 if you’re a single filer or $250,000 if you’re filing jointly

What it means: What it means: For the 2025 tax year, only the first $168,600 of earnings was subject to the Social Security portion. In 2026, only $184,500 are subject. A 0.9% additional Medicare tax may also apply if your net earnings from self-employment exceed $200,000 if you’re a single filer or $250,000 if you’re filing jointly Internal Revenue Service. Topic No. 751, Social Security and Medicare Withholding Rates. Accessed Jan 12, 2024. . To calculate how much you’ll owe, you may need to add Schedule SE to your tax filing to-dos.

Major forms involved:

Major forms involved: Major forms involved:

Schedule SE

Setting up your own freelancer retirement plan

Going solo usually means saying goodbye to employer-sponsored retirement plans, but who says you can’t start your own? Solo 401(k)s and Simplified Employee Pension Individual Retirement Accounts (known as SEP IRAs) offer ways to have a side gig and still build a nest egg, and the contributions could be tax-deductible.

Going solo usually means saying goodbye to employer-sponsored retirement plans, but who says you can’t start your own? Solo 401(k)s and Simplified Employee Pension Individual Retirement Accounts (known as SEP IRAs ) offer ways to have a side gig and still build a nest egg, and the contributions could be tax-deductible.

What it means: “It lessens the pain of how much you're having to shell out to the government if you're funding your own retirement account,” Fraim says.

What it means: What it means: “It lessens the pain of how much you're having to shell out to the government if you're funding your own retirement account,” Fraim says.

Major forms involved:

Major forms involved: Major forms involved:

1040

Schedule C

Hiring someone versus doing it yourself

Taxes are complicated, and they can be even more complicated when you have a side gig. There are extra forms to fill out, along with many rules about the right way to report your income and even more rules about how to handle your expenses. Hiring someone to do your taxes could be a good move, but if you're confident with taxes, you might save money doing them yourself.

Major forms involved: Quite a few. See our picks for the best tax software, including packages for the self-employed. We also have a list of questions you should ask when searching for a CPA or tax accountant near you.

Major forms involved: Major forms involved: Quite a few. See our picks for the best tax software , including packages for the self-employed. We also have a list of questions you should ask when searching for a CPA or tax accountant near you .

What it means: If the tax forms landing in your mailbox are completely foreign to you, take them to a human preparer. Be sure the preparer has a PTIN, is established in the area, has valid qualifications, can handle the workload involved with preparing your return and can represent you in front of the IRS if something goes wrong. And if you want guidance and help with long-term tax planning rather than just data entry and bill calculation, it's probably better to visit a financial advisor with tax advising experience.

What it means: What it means: If the tax forms landing in your mailbox are completely foreign to you, take them to a human preparer. Be sure the preparer has a PTIN, is established in the area, has valid qualifications, can handle the workload involved with preparing your return and can represent you in front of the IRS if something goes wrong. And if you want guidance and help with long-term tax planning rather than just data entry and bill calculation, it's probably better to visit a financial advisor with tax advising experience.

Article sources

NerdWallet writers are subject matter authorities who use primary, trustworthy sources to inform their work, including peer-reviewed studies, government websites, academic research and interviews with industry experts. All content is fact-checked for accuracy, timeliness and relevance. You can learn more about NerdWallet's high standards for journalism by reading our editorial guidelines. Internal Revenue Service. Form 8995: Qualified Business Income Deduction Simplified Computation. Internal Revenue Service. Topic No. 751, Social Security and Medicare Withholding Rates. Accessed Jan 12, 2024. About the author Tina Orem Tina Orem Tina Orem is an editor and content strategist at NerdWallet. Before becoming an editor and content strategist, she was NerdWallet's authority on taxes and small business. Her work has appeared in a variety of local and national outlets. See full bio.

Helpful resources

Helpful resources How Federal Tax Brackets and Rates Work Capital Gains Tax: Long and Short-Term Rates for 2025-2026 How to Fill Out Your W-4 Form and When to Adjust It More like this Taxes 2026 Tax Brackets and Federal Income Tax Rates The IRS adjusts the federal tax brackets annually to keep pace with inflation. The 2026 tax brackets apply to taxes filed in 2027. Bella Avila Standard Deduction for 2025 and 2026: Amounts, When to Take The standard deduction is a popular way for taxpayers to reduce their taxable income. Your deduction amount depends on your age, filing status and other factors. 2 By Sabrina Parys, Tina Orem Capital Gains Tax: Long and Short-Term Rates for 2025-2026 Capital gains are the profits from the sale of assets. They can be subject to short-term or long-term tax rates. 2 By Sabrina Parys, Tina Orem 25 Popular Tax Deductions and Tax Breaks for 2025-2026 A deduction cuts the income you're taxed on, which can mean a lower bill. A credit cuts your tax bill directly. Learn more about common tax breaks and write-offs — and how to claim them. 2 By Sabrina Parys, Tina Orem Federal Income Tax Calculator and Refund Estimator 2025-2026 Estimate your 2026 tax refund or bill using our free income tax calculator. Enter your income, age and filing status to get started. Sabrina Parys How Federal Tax Brackets and Rates Work Contrary to popular belief, your income isn't taxed at just one rate. The U.S. has a progressive tax system, meaning different portions of your income get taxed at different rates. 2 By Sabrina Parys, Tina Orem 2025 Tax Brackets and Federal Income Tax Rates The 2025 federal income tax rates range from 10% to 37% and apply to taxes due by April of this year. Find out which bracket you're in. Bella Avila 2026 Tax Brackets and Federal Income Tax Rates The IRS adjusts the federal tax brackets annually to keep pace with inflation. The 2026 tax brackets apply to taxes filed in 2027. Bella Avila Standard Deduction for 2025 and 2026: Amounts, When to Take The standard deduction is a popular way for taxpayers to reduce their taxable income. Your deduction amount depends on your age, filing status and other factors. 2 By Sabrina Parys, Tina Orem Capital Gains Tax: Long and Short-Term Rates for 2025-2026 Capital gains are the profits from the sale of assets. They can be subject to short-term or long-term tax rates. 2 By Sabrina Parys, Tina Orem 25 Popular Tax Deductions and Tax Breaks for 2025-2026 A deduction cuts the income you're taxed on, which can mean a lower bill. A credit cuts your tax bill directly. Learn more about common tax breaks and write-offs — and how to claim them. 2 By Sabrina Parys, Tina Orem Federal Income Tax Calculator and Refund Estimator 2025-2026 Estimate your 2026 tax refund or bill using our free income tax calculator. Enter your income, age and filing status to get started. Sabrina Parys How Federal Tax Brackets and Rates Work Contrary to popular belief, your income isn't taxed at just one rate. The U.S. has a progressive tax system, meaning different portions of your income get taxed at different rates. 2 By Sabrina Parys, Tina Orem 2025 Tax Brackets and Federal Income Tax Rates The 2025 federal income tax rates range from 10% to 37% and apply to taxes due by April of this year. Find out which bracket you're in. Bella Avila 2026 Tax Brackets and Federal Income Tax Rates The IRS adjusts the federal tax brackets annually to keep pace with inflation. The 2026 tax brackets apply to taxes filed in 2027. Bella Avila Standard Deduction for 2025 and 2026: Amounts, When to Take The standard deduction is a popular way for taxpayers to reduce their taxable income. Your deduction amount depends on your age, filing status and other factors. 2 By Sabrina Parys, Tina Orem Capital Gains Tax: Long and Short-Term Rates for 2025-2026 Capital gains are the profits from the sale of assets. They can be subject to short-term or long-term tax rates. 2 By Sabrina Parys, Tina Orem 25 Popular Tax Deductions and Tax Breaks for 2025-2026 A deduction cuts the income you're taxed on, which can mean a lower bill. A credit cuts your tax bill directly. Learn more about common tax breaks and write-offs — and how to claim them. 2 By Sabrina Parys, Tina Orem Get started Get started

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Freelancer Taxes: A Guide for Filing With a Side Hustle

You’re our first priority. Every time.

Freelancer Taxes: A Guide for Filing With a Side Hustle

Receiving payments from clients

Making estimated tax payments

Filing your tax return at tax time

Taking advantage of tax deductions

Understanding the taxes you might need to pay

Setting up your own freelancer retirement plan

Hiring someone versus doing it yourself

You’re our first priority.
Every time.